Our research investigates the dynamics of changes in brain states and their influence on perception and cognitive processes. While sleep is characterised by well-defined state transitions, it remains unclear how the brain changes continuously in the waking state. Animal models point to a continuum from movement through wakefulness to inattention, but the underlying mechanisms, especially in humans, are little researched. In particular, the effects of physical activity and mind wandering on working memory and visual perception are not fully understood.

Our research shows that movement improves target detection and information processing by optimising neural oscillations and promoting the retrieval of memory contents. By analysing cortical ripple activity and theta modulation, we investigate how these processes are controlled. We also research how movement influences the focus of attention – an advantage for perception, which can, however, also increase distractibility. A better understanding of these mechanisms could not only explain cognitive processes more precisely, but also provide new insights into psychiatric disorders in which altered brain states play a role. Furthermore, our findings have implications for education, the working world and mental health, by underlining the importance of movement-integrated environments for optimal cognitive functioning.